Nancy
Nancy
Pineda-Madrid
Pineda-Madrid
“Dar a luz”, Ella va a dar a luz. A figurative expression used in Spanish to say that a woman is pregnant. Literally, it means she is going to give light. Ella va a dar a luz.
Today we celebrate Guadalupe, a woman who is going to give light, que ‘va a dar a luz.’ The image of Guadalupe, Patron Saint of all of the Americas, carries a glyph on her dress, just in front of her womb indicating that she bears new light, indicating that her child in womb will usher in a new age. This light she bears is the light that is coming. As the reading Zechariah tells us, “I am coming to dwell among you, says the Lord.”
In 1531, as the legend of Guadalupe goes, a 55- year old Indio, Juan Diego, starts out one cold December morning heading to Tlatelolco, known today as la Ciudad de Mexico – Mexico City. Juan Diego is on his way to Daily Mass when he hears beautiful cantos/songs, as if birds are singing---he wonders to himself “¿Estoy soñando?” “Am I dreaming?” Before Juan Diego a beautiful woman appears, the source of the poetic songs. She introduces herself as the “Mother of the God of Great Truth, of Teotl, the One through Whom We Live.” She is the one que va a dar a luz. Guadalupe tells Juan Diego, “Vaya – go – go to Mexico City to Bishop Zumarraga and tell him that it is my wish that a church be built at Tepeyac, so that I may be present to the Indios who believe, present to the new Christians. Through this request, she gives light to a new church, a new expression of Christian faith. Juan Diego makes different attempts to convince Bishop Zumarraga. The worldly Zumarraga receives Juan Diego’s message with a mix of pastoral sensitivity and skepticism, — after all the bishop surmises, “Aren’t the Indians always having strange visions? And, why would the Mother of our Lord appear to an Indian – if she was going to appear at all, she would appear to one of us Spaniards who have devoted our lives to the faith, who have fought long and hard for the faith.”
Juan Diego returns to Guadalupe shamed by his ineffectiveness with the Bishop. Juan Diego suggests to Guadalupe, “Send one of the priests with your message, for I am a nothing, a pile of old sticks, soy mierda I am waste – the Bishop will believe an important person, will believe one of his own priests.” What neither Bishop Zumarraga nor Juan Diego understood was that Guadalupe va a dar a luz, she appeared to give light. “Juan Diego” she replies, “I can send anyone I wish with my message and I am sending you – go again. This time take a sign from me to Bishop Zumarraga.” On the top of Tepeyac hill Juan Diego gathers roses in his tilma, an apron like cloth commonly worn by the Indians. In presence of Bishop Zumarraga, Juan Diego released his tilma allowing the beautiful roses to fall to the floor, revealing the Guadalupan image imprinted on the tilma. Guadalupe gave us light. She gave birth to a new church, a newly incarnated faith, an enculturated faith – a story that shed light on the gospel truth of “flor y canto,” flower and song.
Dar a luz, to give light, to give birth. This story of Guadalupe takes on even greater import when we recognize that it came into being in the midst of death and destruction, in the midst of despair. The birth process is one marked by suffering as well as joy. This story, rooted as it is in 1531, comes at a time when the Nahuas, the Aztecs, suffered through a brutal conquest, one marked by the rape of women, by the slaughtering of indigenous warriors, by the destruction of a way of life. Their gods had “failed them.” Yet, Guadalupe’s brown, mestiza skin color spoke of a life to come, of the birth of a new people. Death would not have the last word. Her very body symbolized what was to be the progeny from the mixing of Spanish and Indigenous blood.
Dar a luz, to give light, to give birth. Guadalupe is a distinctively American gospel story, a Pentecost story. This American account of Pentecost is a story of the Holy Spirit present to the Indigenous people and to the Spaniards. Both Juan Diego and Bishop Zumarraga came to see themselves differently, they came into a new light. Light came into spaces and places of death in Mesoamerica and brought life.
In 1531, the Holy Spirit stirred in the womb of Mesoamerica – a quickening that proclaimed the re-birth of the Juan Diegos of this world, the re-birth of those who have known humiliation and but now know their own story of Christian hope – who now know in the story and religious symbolism of Guadalupe the coming birth of Jesus Christ in the Americas. The Juan Diegos of this world know that Jesus was born not only in Bethlehem some 2000 years ago, but is waiting to be born anew in the lives of modern day Juan Diegos. Born anew in “flor y canto,” flower and song, a revelation of Christian truth.
Dar a luz, to give light, to give birth. My sisters and brothers, it is fitting to celebrate the feast of Guadalupe at this time as we anticipate coming light. We are in a liminal time -- we are at the end of one liturgical year and the beginning of the next -- a few weeks ago we celebrated the feast of Jesus’ reign and now we are in the midst of Advent. We are in a liminal time as we come to know ourselves anew. At this time of transition to a new president in this country, we turn again to God and ask for the new light that Guadalupe brings forth. Light that illuminates the dignity of all people, in particular those whose dignity has been under attack in recent months – the Juan Diegos of our own time: women; people living with disabilities; Muslims; Mexicans; African-Americans; Asians; Veterans; Immigrants; and more. The feast of Guadalupe calls our attention to the liminal space and time in which we find ourselves. She brings forth light. Guadalupe invites us to attend to the light.
As we look forward to Jesus’ birth and as we continue our Advent journey. . . . Where do we find glimmers of hope for a new tomorrow? . . . What lights our way to a new future? Amen.
"Dar a luz, Ella va dar a luz." Una expresión popular para decir que una mujer está embarazada. Literalmente, significa que ella va dar luz. (iluminar)
Hoy día celebramos a Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, a una mujer que “va dar a luz”.La imagen de Guadalupe, Patrona de las Américas, lleva un glifo sobre su vestido, arriba de su vientre, indicando que ella sostiene la nueva luz, o que su hijo en el útero marcará el comienzo de una nueva era. Esta luz que ella lleva es la luz que vendrá. Como nos dice la lectura de Zacarías: "Vengo a vivir entre ustedes, dice el Señor".
Según la leyenda de Guadalupe, en 1531 un indio de 55 años, Juan Diego, comienza una mañana fría de diciembre rumbo a Tlatelolco, hoy conocido como la Ciudad de México. Juan Diego va en camino a la misa diaria cuando oye cantos hermosos, como si los pájaros cantaran. Se pregunta “¿Estoy soñando?” Una mujer bellísima, la fuente de los cantos poéticos, se le aparece a Juan Diego. La mujer se presenta como “Madre del Dios de la Gran Verdad, de Teotl, aquel a través del cual vivimos”. Ella es la que va dar a luz. Guadalupe le dice a Juan Diego: "Vaya . . . Vaya a la Ciudad de México al Obispo Juan de Zumárraga y dígale que es mi deseo que se construya una iglesia en Tepeyac, para que pueda estar presente a los Indios que creen, presente a los nuevos Cristianos”. Con este deseo, ella da luz a una nueva iglesia, una fe Cristiana nuevamente expresada. Juan Diego hace diferentes intentos de convencer al obispo Zumárraga. El mundano Obispo Zumárraga recibe el mensaje de Juan Diego con sensibilidad pastoral y escepticismo, el Obispo supone: "¿No tienen los indios siempre visiones extrañas? ¿Y, por qué la madre de nuestro Señor se le aparecería a un indio? Si ella fuera a aparecer, se aparecería a uno de nosotros españoles que han dedicado nuestras vidas a la fe, que han luchado largo y duro por la fe".
Juan Diego vuelve a Guadalupe avergonzado por su ineficacia con el Obispo. Juan Diego sugiere a Guadalupe: "Envía a uno de los sacerdotes con tu mensaje, porque soy nada, un montón de palos viejos, soy mierda - el Obispo creerá a una persona importante, creerá a uno de sus propios sacerdotes". Ni El Obispo ni Juan Diego entendieron que La Virgen iba a dar una luz. "Juan Diego" ella respondió, "yo puedo enviar a quien yo desee con mi mensaje y te envío otra vez . . . Vaya. Esta vez toma una señal de mi parte al Obispo Zumárraga. "En la cima del Tepeyac Juan Diego recogió rosas en su tilma, un delantal que los indios comúnmente llevaban. En la presencia del obispo Zumárraga, Juan Diego lanzó su tilma permitiendo que las hermosas rosas cayeran al suelo, revelando la imagen de Nuestra Señora impresa en la tilma. Guadalupe nos dio luz. Ella dio luz una nueva iglesia, una fe recién encarnada, una fe inculturada - una historia que arroja luz sobre la verdad del evangelio de "flor y canto".
Dar a luz, iluminar. Esta historia de Guadalupe adquiere aún mayor importancia cuando reconocemos que se formó en medio de la muerte y la destrucción, en medio de la desesperación. El proceso de nacimiento es marcado por el sufrimiento y la alegría. Esta historia, arraigada como en 1531, llega en un momento en que los nahuas, los aztecas, sufrieron una brutal conquista, marcada por la violación de las mujeres, por la matanza de guerreros indígenas, por la destrucción de un modo de vivir. Sus dioses les habían "fallado". Sin embargo, por medio del color de su piel morena y mestiza, Guadalupe hablaba de una vida por venir, del nacimiento de un pueblo nuevo. La muerte no tendría la última palabra. Su propio cuerpo simbolizaba los descendientes de la mezcla de sangre española e indígena.
Dar a luz, iluminar. Guadalupe es una historia americana del evangelio, una historia de Pentecostés. Se trata de un Pentecostés Americano, una historia del Espíritu Santo presente al pueblo indígena - Presente a los Españoles. Tanto Juan Diego como el Obispo Zumárraga llegarón a verse a sí mismos de una forma diferente, entraron en una nueva luz. Esta luz entró en espacios y lugares de muerte en Mesoamérica, y trajo la vida.
En 1531, el Espíritu Santo se agitó en el seno de Mesoamérica - una aceleración que proclamó el renacimiento de los Juan Diegos de este mundo, el renacimiento de los que han conocido la humillación pero ahora conocen su propia historia de la esperanza cristiana - y ahora sabemos de la historia y el simbolismo religioso de Guadalupe, el próximo nacimiento de Jesúscristo en las Américas. Los Juan Diegos de este mundo saben que Jesús nació en Belén no sólo hace unos 2000 años, pero que esperaba para nacer de nuevo en sus propias vidas. Renacido en "Flor y Canto" --- la revelación de la verdad cristiana.
Dar a luz, iluminar. Mis hermanas y hermanos, es apropiado celebrar la fiesta de Guadalupe en este momento en el cual anticipamos la luz que viene. Estamos en un tiempo liminal ---- estamos en el final de un año litúrgico y en el comienzo de la siguiente --- Hace unas semanas celebramos la fiesta del reinado de Jesús y ahora estamos en el Medio del Adviento. Estamos en un momento límite a medida que nos volvemos a conocer a nosotros mismos de nuevo. En este tiempo de transición a un nuevo presidente en este país, volvemos otra vez a Dios y pedimos la nueva luz que Guadalupe nos trae. Luz que ilumina la dignidad de todas las personas, en particular de aquellos cuya dignidad ha sido atacada en los últimos meses - los Juan Diegos de nuestro tiempo: las mujeres; las personas con discapacidades; los musulmanes; los mexicanos; los Africano-americanos; los asiáticos; los veteranos; los inmigrantes; y más. La fiesta de Guadalupe llama nuestra atención sobre el espacio y el tiempo liminal en que nos encontramos. Ella trae luz y nos invita a atender la luz.
Mientras esperamos el nacimiento de Jesús y continuamos nuestro tiempo de Adviento – ¿Dónde encontramos vislumbres de esperanza para un nuevo amanecer? . . . . ¿Que ilumina nuestro camino hacia un nuevo futuro? Amén.
Nancy Pineda-Madrid
Nancy Pineda-Madrid
Nancy Pineda-Madrid is Associate Professor of Theology at Boston College. She is among the first U.S. Latinas to hold a Ph.D. in Systematic Theology (Graduate Theologian Union; Berkeley, California). She is the first theologian to publish a book on the evil of feminicide arguing that this tragedy demands a fresh consideration of what salvation means. Her book, Suffering and Salvation in Ciudad Juárez, (Fortress Press, 2011) has become required reading in classrooms across the country. She has since co-edited Hope: Promise, Possibility and Fulfillment, (Paulist Press, 2013) and recently finished a second co-edited book titled, With the Holy Spirit: Responding to the Giver of Life, (Paulist Press, Forthcoming 2017). She has published numerous articles. Currently, she is working on a book on La Virgen de Guadalupe.
Dr. Pineda-Madrid’s work has been recognized. In February 2011, America Magazine named her as one of seven most promising theologians of the next generation; in 2012, she received the Loretto Legacy Award for Religion and Theology. She has given public lectures at universities across the United States, Latin America and Europe. She is Vice President of the International Network of Societies of Catholic Theology (INSeCT), and past president of the Academy of Catholic Hispanic Theologians of the United States (ACHTUS). She as born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and when she was nine years of age her family moved to El Paso, Texas, where she lived until she was twenty-five. She now lives in Boston with her spouse Larry Gordon.
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